This original dataset contains carbon and greenhouse gas (GHG) data collected in Lake Mendota during the summer of 2016. Data were collected between 15 April 2016 and 14 November 2016 on both Lake Mendota and its surrounding streams—four major inflows and the primary outflow of Lake Mendota. The dataset is comprised of four linked tables, corresponding to carbon and GHG measurements on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_carbon_ghg), weekly physico-chemical sonde casts on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_ysi), ebullition rate estimates on Lake Mendota (lake_weekly_ebullition), and carbon and physico-chemical data from the four major inflows and primary outflow of Lake Mendota (stream_weekly_carbon_ysi). These data were used to explore the relationship between organic carbon dynamics and greenhouse gas production on a eutrophic lake. From these data, it is possible to estimate daily oxygen, methane, and carbon dioxide flux on Lake Mendota during the study time period. Additional methods and applications of this data can be found in J.A. Harts Masters Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison Center for Limnology, May 2017.